Madagascar - Forest - Environment and Forestry

In order to protect the magnificent natural sanctuary that Madagascar represents, a strategy for conservation and sustainable development is being put in place.

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According to the results of a mapping study published in 2015, Madagascar lost 965,000 hectares of forest between 2005 and 2013, or approximately 120,000 hectares per year between 2010 and 2013. The causes are multiple: livestock farming, mining, forest fires and in particular tavy, slash-and-burn agriculture, as well as commercial exploitation of precious wood but also used for energy production and construction. Reforestation is therefore essential to meet national demand for forest timber, which has exploded with population growth. The export of legal, unprocessed ordinary timber was banned during the Council of Ministers on October 21, 2020. However, it is possible to sell and use stocks of legal timber to better organize the timber sector. Only finished products can be exported after strict control.

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The suspension of logging for precious woods has been in effect since January 2019. The government has strengthened forest protection to prevent illegal logging and exploitation. The same applies to increasing the area under timber cultivation to achieve Madagascar's reforestation goal. Forest fires are also a serious problem, as fighting them is made difficult by the fact that Madagascar has only one forest officer for 210,000 hectares of forest.

Madagascar is one of the countries where environmental management and sustainable development have been at the center of public policies driven and supported by donors, since the first national environmental plan in the early 1990s. Having ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Big Island immediately focused on the development and sustainable management of its natural resources, which had long been overexploited. The application of this Convention is reflected in the consideration of biodiversity as a source of sustainable financing for local development, both in the National Environmental Action Plan (PNAE) and in the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (DSRP), but also in the Municipal Development Plans (PCD) or in the institutional priorities of donors. In this perspective, the country was a pioneer, with the GELOSE law of 1996, in the transfer of responsibility to the populations in the management of environmental assets, for example, and has therefore accumulated significant experience.