Madagascar - Agro-industries - The breadbasket of the Indian Ocean

Madagascar occupies a strategic position among the Indian Ocean islands due to its rich and diverse agricultural potential, its size, and its population. However, rural development must address six major challenges relating to land, microfinance, the green revolution, markets, agribusiness, and development. products.

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Agriculture plays a significant role in the national economy. The working population is overwhelmingly agricultural (80%) and has very few salaried jobs. The Malagasy diet is based on four types of cereals: rice, cassava, corn, and sweet potatoes. The country has 36 million hectares of arable land, of which only 3 million are cultivated.

The new Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Sector Program, the PSAEP, provides new sectoral guidelines for competitive and sustainable agricultural production, integrating family farms and modernized processing units to ensure food security and conquer export markets.

Madagascar is a leader in several products: the world's leading exporter of cloves and vanilla, and second for lychee and ylang-ylang essential oil. Cocoa from Madagascar is considered a very high-end, fine cocoa.

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Towards rice self-sufficiency
Malagasy people are among the world's largest consumers of rice. Only 20% of cultivated rice is marketed, with the rest intended for direct consumption by farmers. Madagascar has several institutional assets (organizations, structure, legislation, regulations, practices, etc.) to successfully develop the rice seed industry. Regulatory texts exist for the seed subsector, and structures have been put in place to implement seed policy. The establishment of the National Agency for the Official Control of Seeds and Plants (ANCOS) confirms the government's political will to strengthen inspection and control mechanisms to enforce current regulations. In 2019, Madagascar imported 350,000 tons of white rice. However, rice yields increased from 2.5 tons to nearly 5 tons per hectare, directly benefiting more than 76,000 farming households. The goal now is to ensure sufficient production so that Madagascar can begin to stop importing rice and achieve rice self-sufficiency. Lake Alaotra is known as Madagascar's primary rice granary. With nearly 100,000 hectares of rice paddies, annual production is 200,000 tons of white rice, generating a surplus of approximately 80,000 tons. According to the Madagascar Emergence Plan (PME), the goal is to reach 500,000 tons of annual rice production by 2024.

The valorization of the cactus
The nutritional benefits of cactus are extraordinary: the fruits and leaves are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It also has anti-cholesterol and anti-inflammatory properties. But above all, cactus cultivation plays a vital role in the fight against climate change, for food security, and the rural economy. The specific areas of development are diverse: human and livestock nutrition, soil restoration, the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, among others. The sector holds great promise in terms of income and job creation, but also as a means of combating desertification and strengthening the resilience of vulnerable populations.